Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PCOS, is a complex hormonal condition where the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens or male sex hormones. When seen on an ultrasound the ovaries may have many cysts or partially formed egg follicles. 

Common signs and symptoms of PCOS include:

• Hyperandrogensim (hirsutism, acne and alopecia)
• Weight gain and obesity
• Excessive body hair growth
• Insulin resistance
• Irregular menstrual cycles or loss of menstrual cycle
• Mood changes and fatigue
• Trouble conceiving or infertility

PCOS affects 6-18% of women of reproductive age and up to 70% of women with PCOS are undiagnosed. Being overweight or obese increases the severity of PCOS symptoms, so it is important to manage weight with diet and exercise. 

PCOS can also increase the risk of secondary chronic diseases such as:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Impaired glucose tolerance
• Increased cardiovascular disease risk
• Increased prevalence of mental health conditions

Exercise and PCOS

The research is still relatively inconclusive, but we do know that a combination of vigorous and moderate intensity aerobic exercise combined with at least 2 resistance training sessions a week is proven to assist with PCOS weight loss.

Exercise causes glucose to be taken from the blood and moved into the muscles, lowering the need for insulin at that time and improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Through more effective management of insulin, we are able to better manage testosterone, the cause of many PCOS symptoms.

Further to weight management and insulin utilisation, exercise will also assist in the management of PCOS through increasing period regularity, fertility, and boosting energy levels, motivation and self-confidence.

For more information about PCOS visit health direct: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos

Words by Charlotte Moore